Me pēhea te whakaiti i te ahotea toenga o te mekameka roera i muri i te whakarewa

Me pēhea te whakaiti i te ahotea toenga o te mekameka roera i muri i te whakarewa
I roto i te tukanga whakaputa me te hanga o te mekameka roera, he tukanga matua te whakarewa. Heoi, he maha tonu ngā wā ka noho te ahotea toenga i roto i te mekameka roera i muri i te whakarewa. Ki te kore e tangohia he mahi whai hua hei whakaiti i tēnei, ka pā kino ki te kounga me te mahi omekameka roera, pērā i te whakaiti i tōna kaha ngenge, te whakaputa i te rerekētanga me te whati, ā, ka pā ki te whakamahinga noa me te roa o te ora o te mekameka roera i roto i ngā taputapu mīhini. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia ako hōhonu, kia mōhio hoki ki ngā tikanga hei whakaiti i te ahotea toenga o te whakarewa mekameka roera.

1. Ngā take o te ahotea toenga
I te wā e whakarewahia ana, ka werahia, ka whakamataohia hoki te wāhanga whakarewa o te mekameka roera kia kore e ōrite te wera. I te wā e whakarewahia ana, ka tere te piki o te pāmahana o te whakarewa me te rohe e karapoti ana, ā, ka whānui te rauemi whakarewa; ā, i te wā e whakamatao ana, ka herea te whakahekenga whakarewa i ēnei wāhi e te whakarewa kāore i werahia e te taha, ā, ka puta he ahotea toenga whakarewa.
Ka pāngia hoki te rahi me te tohatoha o te ahotea toenga e ngā āhuatanga here i te wā whakarewa. Mena he tino here te mekameka roera i te wā whakarewa, arā, he nui te nekehanga pumau, he here rānei, kāti i te wā whakamatao i muri i te whakarewa, ka piki ake anō hoki te ahotea toenga i puta mai i te kore e taea te mimiti noa.
Kāore e taea te wareware i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi whakarewa. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ia rauemi, ā, ka rerekē te whānui, te whakaheke me te kaha tuku o ngā rauemi i te wā e whakarewa ana, ā, ka pā ki te whakaputanga o te ahotea toenga. Hei tauira, he kaha tuku te kaha o ētahi maitai koranu kaha-teitei, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakaputa i te ahotea toenga nui i te wā e whakarewa ana.

2. Ngā tikanga hei whakaiti i te ahotea toenga i roto i te whakarewa mekameka roera

(I) Whakapai ake i te tukanga whakarewa

Whakaritea te raupapa whakarewanga kia tika: Mō te whakarewanga mekameka roera, me whakarewa tuatahi ngā whakarewanga he nui te whakahekenga, ā, me whakarewa muri ngā whakarewanga he iti te whakahekenga. Mā tēnei ka taea e te whakarewanga te whakahekenga māhorahora ake i te wā whakarewanga, ka whakaitihia te ahotea toenga i puta mai i te whakahekenga iti o te whakarewanga. Hei tauira, i te wā e whakarewa ana i ngā pereti mekameka o roto, o waho hoki o te mekameka roera, ka whakarewahia tuatahitia te pereti mekameka o roto, kātahi ka whakarewahia te pereti mekameka o waho i muri i te whakamatao, kia kore ai e tino herea te whakarewanga o te pereti mekameka o roto e te pereti mekameka o waho i te wā e whakahekenga ana.

Whakamahia ngā tikanga me ngā tawhā whakarewa tika: He rerekē ngā ahotea toenga i runga i ngā mekameka roera o ia tikanga whakarewa. Hei tauira, ka taea e te whakarewa parenga hau te whakaiti i te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera ki tētahi taumata ki te whakataurite ki ētahi tikanga whakarewa tuku iho nā te wera pewa kukū me te pai o te wera, ā, ka whakaiti i te ahotea toenga. I taua wā anō, he mea nui hoki kia whiriwhiria ngā tawhā pēnei i te ia whakarewa, te ngaohiko, me te tere whakarewa. Ka nui rawa te ia whakarewa ka nui rawa te urunga o te wera whakarewa, ka nui rawa te wera e whakaurua ana, ka wera rawa te hononga whakarewa, ka nui ake te ahotea toenga; ahakoa ka taea e ngā tawhā whakarewa tika te whakau ake i te tukanga whakarewa, te whakaiti i ngā hapa whakarewa, ā, ka whakaiti i te ahotea toenga.
Whakahaere i te pāmahana o waenga-paparanga: Ina whakarewahia ngā mekameka roera i roto i ngā paparanga maha me ngā haerenga maha, ko te whakahaere i te pāmahana o waenga-paparanga he mehua whai hua hei whakaiti i te ahotea toenga. Ka taea e te pāmahana tika o waenga-paparanga te pupuri i te whakarewa o te whakarewa me te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera kia pai te kirihou i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa, ka āwhina i te whakahekenga o te whakarewa me te tukunga o te ahotea. I te nuinga o te wā, me whakatau te pāmahana o waenga-paparanga kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te mekameka roera me ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga whakarewa, ā, me ine me te whakahaere i te pāmahana i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa kia tika ai te pāmahana o waenga-paparanga.
(II) Whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakamahana-mua me te whakamahana-muri e tika ana mō te whakarewa
Te Whakamahana: I mua i te whakarewa i te mekameka roera, mā te whakamahana i te whakarewa ka taea te whakaiti i te ahotea toenga whakarewa. Mā te whakamahana ka taea te whakaiti i te rerekētanga pāmahana o te hononga whakarewa, ā, ka ōrite te tohatoha pāmahana o te whakarewa i te wā whakarewa, ā, ka whakaiti i te ahotea wera i puta mai i te pikinga pāmahana. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahana ka taea hoki te whakanui ake i te pāmahana tīmatanga o te whakarewa, te whakaiti i te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te konganuku whakarewa me te rauemi turanga, te whakapai ake i te mahi o te hononga whakarewa, te whakaiti i te whakaputanga o ngā hapa whakarewa, ā, nō reira ka whakaiti i te ahotea toenga. Me whakatau te pāmahana whakamahana i runga i te hanganga, te matotoru, te tikanga whakarewa me te pāmahana taiao o te rauemi mekameka roera.
Te whakamahana-muri: Ko te maimoatanga whakamahana-muri i muri i te whakarewa, arā, te maimoatanga tango-hauwai, tētahi o ngā huarahi nui hei whakaiti i te ahotea toenga o te whakarewa mekameka roera. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahana te whakarewa ki te 250-350℃ i muri tonu i te otinga o te whakarewa me te whakamatao ki tētahi pāmahana, kātahi ka whakamatao mārire i muri i te pupuri i te mahana mō tētahi wā. Ko te mahi matua o te whakamahana-muri ko te whakateretere i te horapa me te mawhiti o ngā ngota hauwai i roto i te whakarewa me te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera, te whakaiti i te ihirangi hauwai i roto i te whakarewa, kia whakaitihia ai te tūponotanga o te pakaru waikura i puta mai i te ahotea hauwai, me te āwhina hoki ki te whakamama i te ahotea toenga whakarewa. He mea nui te maimoatanga whakamahana-muri mō te whakarewa o ētahi maitai kaha-teitei me ngā mekameka roera matotoru-taiepa.
(III) Whakahaerehia te maimoatanga wera i muri i te whakarewatanga
Te whakamahana pāmahana teitei whānui: Whakanohoia te mekameka roera katoa ki roto i te oumu whakamahana, whakamahana mārire ki te 600-700℃, pupuri kia mahana mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka whakamatao ki te pāmahana rūma me te oumu. Ka taea e tēnei maimoatanga whakamahana pāmahana teitei whānui te whakakore i te ahotea toenga i roto i te mekameka roera, ko te tikanga ka taea te whakakore i te 80%-90% o te ahotea toenga. Me whakahaere tika te pāmahana me te wā o te whakamahana pāmahana teitei i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te rauemi, te rahi me ngā whakaritenga mahi o te mekameka roera kia pai ai te pānga me te kounga o te maimoatanga wera. Heoi, ko te maimoatanga whakamahana pāmahana teitei whānui me nui ake ngā taputapu maimoatanga wera, ā, he nui te utu maimoatanga, engari mō ētahi hua mekameka roera he whakaritenga tino kaha mō te ahotea toenga, he tikanga pai tēnei hei whakakore i te ahotea toenga.
Te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike ā-rohe: Ina nui te rahi, ina uaua rānei te āhua o te mekameka roera, ā, he uaua te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike whānui, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike ā-rohe. Ko te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike ā-rohe ko te whakamahana i te hononga o te mekameka roera me te rohe tata ki a ia hei whakakore i te ahotea toenga i te rohe. Ki te whakatauritea ki te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike whānui, he iti ake ngā whakaritenga taputapu me ngā utu tukatuka o te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike ā-rohe, engari kāore tōna pānga ki te whakakore i te ahotea toenga i te tino rite ki te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike whānui. I te wā e mahi ana i te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike ā-rohe, me aro ki te ōritetanga o te rohe whakamahana me te whakahaere i te pāmahana whakamahana hei karo i te kukū ahotea hou, i ētahi atu raruraru kounga rānei e puta mai ana i te wera nui o te rohe, i te pāmahana kore taurite rānei.
(IV) Tikanga totoro ā-ringa
Ko te tikanga totoro ā-mīhini ko te whakamahi i te kaha kume ki te mekameka roera i muri i te whakarewa hei whakaputa i te āhua kirihou, kia kore ai e rerekē te āhua pēhi i puta i te wā whakarewa, ā, kia tutuki ai te whāinga o te whakaiti i te ahotea toenga. I roto i te mahi tūturu, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu totoro motuhake hei whakatakoto i te kaha kume me te tere totoro e tika ana kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga me ngā whakaritenga mahi o te mekameka roera hei totoro ōrite i te mekameka roera. He pai te pānga o tēnei tikanga ki ētahi hua mekameka roera e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere rahi tika me te whakakore i te ahotea toenga, engari me whai taputapu totoro e rite ana me ngā kaiwhakahaere ngaio, ā, he whakaritenga anō hoki mō ngā wāhi whakaputa me ngā tikanga tukanga.
(V) Tikanga totoro rerekētanga pāmahana
Ko te kaupapa matua o te tikanga totoro rerekētanga pāmahana ko te whakamahi i te rerekētanga pāmahana i puta mai i te whakamahana ā-rohe hei whakaputa i te rerekētanga kume i roto i te rohe whakarewa, ā, ka whakaitihia te ahotea toenga. Ko te mahi motuhake ko te whakamahi i te rama oxyacetylene hei whakamahana i ia taha o te mekameka whakarewa, ā, i te wa ano ka whakamahia he paipa wai me te rarangi kōhao hei rehu wai hei whakamatao i tetahi tawhiti i muri i te rama. Mā tēnei ara, ka hangaia he rohe pāmahana teitei i ngā taha e rua o te whakarewa, i te mea he iti te pāmahana o te rohe whakarewa. Ka whānui te konganuku i ngā taha e rua nā te wera, ā, ka totoro te rohe whakarewa me te pāmahana iti iho, ā, ka tutuki te kaupapa o te whakakore i ētahi ahotea toenga whakarewa. He tino māmā, he ngāwari hoki te whakahaere i ngā taputapu o te tikanga totoro rerekētanga pāmahana. Ka taea te whakamahi ngāwari i te papa hanga, i te papa whakaputa rānei, engari ko tōna pānga ki te whakakore i te ahotea toenga ka tino pāngia e ngā tawhā pēnei i te pāmahana whakamahana, te tere whakamatao, me te tawhiti rehu wai. Me whakahaere tika me te whakatikatika kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga tūturu.
(VI) Maimoatanga koroheketanga wiri
Mā te maimoatanga koroheketanga wiri ka whakamahia te pānga o te pūngao miihini wiri hei whakaoho i te mekameka roera, kia ōrite ai te ahotea toenga i roto i te mea mahi, kia whakaitihia ai. Ka whakanohoia te mekameka roera ki runga i tētahi taputapu koroheketanga wiri motuhake, ā, ka whakatikatikaina te auau me te kaha o te whakaoho kia whakaoho te mekameka roera i roto i tētahi wā. I roto i te tukanga whakaoho, ka paheke ngā konganuku whakarewa i roto i te mekameka roera, ka whakarite anō, ka whakapai ake i te hanganga moroiti, ā, ka heke haere te ahotea toenga. He pai ngā taputapu māmā o te maimoatanga koroheketanga wiri, he poto te wā tukatuka, he iti te utu, he teitei te whai hua, me ētahi atu, ā, kāore e pā ki te kounga o te mata o te mekameka roera. Nō reira, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga mekameka roera. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e te maimoatanga koroheketanga wiri te whakakore i te 30% – 50% o te ahotea toenga o te whakarewa mekameka roera. Mō ētahi hua mekameka roera kāore e hiahiatia he ahotea toenga nui, he tikanga ōhanga me te whai hua te maimoatanga koroheketanga wiri hei whakakore i te ahotea toenga.
(VII) Tikanga patu
He tikanga māmā te tikanga patu, ā, he tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaiti i te ahotea toenga o te whakarewa. I muri i te whakarewatanga o te mekameka roera, ina tae te pāmahana whakarewa ki te 100 – 150℃, neke atu rānei i te 400℃, whakamahia he hama iti hei patupatu i te whakarewa me ōna wāhi tata kia puta ai te āhua kirihou o te konganuku, kia whakaitihia ai te ahotea toenga. Me mōhio kei te patupatu te tukanga patu, kaua e whakamahia i te awhe pāmahana 200 – 300℃, nā te mea kei roto te konganuku i te wā pakarukaru, ā, ka taea e te patu te hanga i te whakarewa kia pakaru. Hei tāpiri, me taurite te kaha me te auau o te patu, ā, me whakarerekē kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te matotoru o te mekameka roera me te rahi o te whakarewa kia pai ai te pānga me te kounga o te patu. He pai te tikanga patu mō ētahi whakarewatanga mekameka roera iti, māmā. Mō ngā whakarewatanga mekameka roera nui, uaua rānei, tera pea he iti noa te pānga o te tikanga patu, ā, me whakamahi tahi me ētahi atu tikanga.

3. Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi tikanga whakaiti ahotea toenga e tika ana
I roto i te whakaputanga tūturu, e ai ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakaritenga rerekē o te mekameka roera, me whakaaroaro whānuitia ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga, te whānuitanga o te tono, te utu me ētahi atu āhuatanga o ngā tikanga whakaiti ahotea toenga hei whiriwhiri i tētahi tikanga maimoatanga e tika ana. Hei tauira, mō ētahi mekameka roera tino tika, kaha teitei, matotoru te pakitara, ko te whakamahana pāmahana teitei te whiringa pai rawa atu; engari mō ētahi puranga nui me ngā āhua ngāwari o ngā mekameka roera, ka taea e te maimoatanga koroheketanga wiri, te tikanga hama rānei te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga. I te wa ano, i te wa e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi tikanga hei whakaiti i te ahotea toenga, me whakaaro whānuitia hoki te taiao whakamahinga me ngā āhuatanga mahi o te mekameka roera kia tino mohio ai ka taea e te tikanga i whakamahia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mahi me ngā paerewa kounga o te mekameka roera i te whakamahinga tūturu.
4. Te mahi a te whakaiti i te ahotea toenga ki te whakapai ake i te kounga me te mahi a ngā mekameka roera
Mā te whakaiti i te ahotea toenga whakarewa ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha ngenge o ngā mekameka roera. Ina whakaitihia, ina whakakorea rānei te ahotea kume toenga i roto i te mekameka roera, ka whakaitihia te taumata ahotea tuturu e mau ana i te wā e mahi ana, ā, ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te pakaru i puta mai i te tīmatanga me te whānui o ngā kapiti ngenge, ā, ka roa ake te ora mahi o te mekameka roera.
Ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te pumau o ngā āhuatanga me te tika o te āhua o te mekameka roera. Mā te nui rawa o te ahotea toenga ka taea te whakapē i te mekameka roera i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka pā ki tōna tika ōrite ki ngā porotiti me ētahi atu wāhanga, ā, ka pā ki te mahi noa o ngā taputapu mīhini. Mā te whakaiti i te ahotea toenga, ka taea e te mekameka roera te pupuri i te pumau pai o ngā āhuatanga me te tika o te āhua i te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pono me te tika o te tuku.
Ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te ia o te pakaru waikura ahotea o ngā mekameka roera i roto i ngā taiao waikura. Mā te ahotea kume toenga ka whakanui ake i te aro o ngā mekameka roera ki te pakaru waikura ahotea i roto i ngā pāpāho waikura, ā, mā te whakaiti i te ahotea toenga ka taea te whakaiti i tēnei mōrearea, te whakapai ake i te ātete waikura o ngā mekameka roera i roto i ngā taiao kino, me te whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga o ā rātou tono.