Te horoi me te whakamahana i ngā mekameka roera: ngā tohutohu matua me ngā mahi pai

Te horoi me te whakamahana i ngā mekameka roera: ngā tohutohu matua me ngā mahi pai
I roto i ngā mahi ahumahi, he wāhanga matua ngā mekameka roera mō te tuku miihini, ā, he mea nui te mahi me te roa o te ora mō te whakahaere pono o ngā taputapu. Ko te horoi me te whakamahana i mua i ngā mekameka roera he wāhanga nui e rua o te mahi tiaki. Ehara i te mea ka taea e rātou te whakapai ake i te pai o ngā mekameka roera anake, engari ka taea hoki te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te mahi. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga horoi me te whakamahana i mua i ngāmekameka roerahei āwhina i ngā kaihoko rarawe o te ao kia mārama ake, kia whakamahi hoki i ēnei hangarau matua.

1. Te horoi i ngā mekameka roera
(I) Te hiranga o te horoi
I te wā e whakahaerehia ana, ka pāngia ngā mekameka roera e ngā momo poke, tae atu ki te puehu, te hinu, ngā para whakarewa, me ētahi atu. Ka kohikohi ēnei poke ki te mata me roto o te mekameka, ka hua ake he hinu whakahinuhinu kore, he nui ake te kakahu, he nui ake te haruru mahi me ētahi atu raruraru, ka pā ki te mahi me te whai huatanga o te pūnaha tuku katoa. Nō reira, he mea nui te horoi auau i ngā mekameka roera kia mau tonu ai te mahi noa me te roa ake o te ora ratonga.
(II) Auautanga o te horoi
Ko te auau o te horoi i ngā mekameka roera ka whakawhirinaki ki te taiao mahi me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. I te wā e horoi ana, me whakatau tuatahi te huringa horoi i runga i te taiao mahi me te nui o te poke o te mekameka roera. I te nuinga o te wā, mō ngā mekameka roera e mahi ana i ngā taiao kino, pērā i ngā maina, ngā papa hanga, me ētahi atu, me horoi pinepine ake. I te nuinga o te wā ka tūtohutia kia horoia kia kotahi te wā i te wiki, ā, ki te nui te poke, me whakanui ake te auau o te horoi.
(III) Ngā mahi horoi
Te whakarite
I mua i te horoinga o te mekameka roera, me whakarite e koe ngā mea e tika ana. Tuatahi, me whakarite kua mutu te mahi a te taputapu, ā, me mahi i ngā mahi haumaru e tika ana, pērā i te tapahi i te pūtake hiko, te whakairi i ngā tohu whakatūpato, me ētahi atu, hei ārai i ngā aituā.
Whakaritea ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana mō te horoi, pērā i ngā paraihe ngohengohe, ngā kakahu ma, ngā hinu horoi, ngā mekameka horoi motuhake rānei, ngā peihana kirihou, ngā karapu tiaki, me ētahi atu.
Te wetewete i te mekameka (mēnā e whakaaetia ana e ngā āhuatanga)
I te wetewete i te mekameka roera, kia tika te whai i ngā mahi tika kia kore ai e pakaru te mekameka me ngā wāhanga e pā ana. Ki te taea, tangohia te mekameka roera ka rumakina ki roto i te wai horoi kia tino horoia. Ki te kore he āhuatanga hei wetewete, ka taea te rehu, te pania rānei te wai horoi ki te mekameka.
Te horoinga i te wai
Rukuhia te mekameka roera kua tangohia ki roto i te hinu hinu, i te wai horoi mekameka motuhake rānei mō te 10-15 meneti kia taea ai e te wai horoi te uru katoa ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka, kia whakangawari ai, kia whakarewa ai hoki te paru.
Mō ngā mekameka roera nui e uaua ana ki te wetewete, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te paraihe hei pania te hopi horoi ki te mata o te mekameka, ka waiho kia rumakina mō tētahi wā.
Te paraihe
I muri i te rumakina, whakamahia he paraihe ngohengohe hei parai mārire i ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka roera, tae atu ki ngā pine, ngā roera, ngā ringaringa me ngā pereti mekameka, hei tango i te paru me ngā poke uaua. Kia tūpato kei whakamahia he paraihe mārō kia kore ai e rakuraku te mata o te mekameka.
Horoi
I muri i te paraihe, horoia rawatia te mekameka roera ki te wai ma kia horoia katoatia ai ngā kai horoi me te paru. Mō ētahi wāhanga e uaua ana ki te horoi, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te hau kōpeke hei āwhina i te maroke.
Te whakamaroke
Whakatakotoria te mekameka roera kua horoia ki runga i tētahi kakahu ma, whakairihia rānei kia maroke noa, whakamahia rānei he hau pēhanga hei pupuhi kia maroke rawa te mekameka kia kore ai e waikura i te toenga o te makuku.
Whakahinuhinu
I mua i te tāuta anō i te mekameka roera kua horoia, me whakahinuhinu katoa. Whakamahia he hinu mekameka motuhake, ka pania te hinu ki ngā pine me ngā roera o te mekameka kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga me ngā tikanga whakahinuhinu hei whakaiti i te waku me te pakaru, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mekameka.
(IV) Ngā mahi ārai horoi
Āta karohia te whakamahi i ngā whakarewa waikura
I te wā e horoi ana i te mekameka roera, kaua e whakamahi i ngā whakarewa waikura kaha pērā i te penehīni kia kore ai e kino te mata whakarewa me ngā hiri rapa o te mekameka, ka heke ai te mahi a te mekameka.
Kia aro ki te tiakitanga
I te wā e horoia ana, me mau ngā karapu tiaki e tika ana hei karo i ngā kino o te kiri i puta mai i ngā hopi horoi.
Ārai i te kino
I te wā e whakamahi ana i te paraihe, kaua e whakamahi i te kaha nui rawa kia kore ai e kino te mata me te hanganga o roto o te mekameka roera.

2. Te whakamahana i te mekameka roera
(I) Te hiahia mō te whakamahana i mua
Ina mahi te mekameka roera i roto i te taiao pāmahana iti, ka piki ake te matotoru o te hinu whakahinuhinu, ka piki ake te ātete o te mekameka ki te oma, ka heke hoki te pānga whakahinuhinu, ā, ka nui ake te pakaru me te ngenge o te mekameka. Mā te whakamahana i te mekameka roera ka taea te whakaiti i te matotoru o te hinu whakahinuhinu me te whakapai ake i tōna rere, ā, ka hangaia he kiriata whakahinuhinu pai i ia pūwāhi waku o te mekameka, ka whakaiti i te pakaru me te whakapai ake i te pai o te tuku.
(II) Tikanga whakamahana-mua
Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakamahana
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakamahana mekameka motuhake hei whakamahana i te mekameka roera. Whakapangia te taputapu whakamahana ki te mekameka roera, ka whakamahana mārire ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana. Ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakahaere tika i te pāmahana, ā, he ngāwari hoki te whakahaere.
Te whakamahi i te wera e puta mai ana i te whakahaere o te taputapu
I te tīmatanga o te tīmatanga o ngā taputapu, ka puta he wera nui nā te waku me ētahi atu take. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei wāhanga o te wera hei whakamahana i te mekameka roera. Kia tīmata te taputapu, waiho kia tere te mahi, kaua e utaina he kawenga mō tētahi wā kia whakamahana haere ai te mekameka roera.
Te whakamahi i te hau wera, te mamaoa rānei
Mō ētahi pūnaha tuku mekameka roera nui, ka taea te whakamahi i te hau wera, te mamaoa rānei hei whakamahana i te mekameka roera. Whakatakotoria te hau wera, te pūwero mamaoa rānei ki te mekameka roera, ka whakamahana mārire ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana. Heoi, me whakahaere te pāmahana me te tawhiti kia kore ai e wera rawa, e kino rānei te mekameka.
(III) Ngā taahiraa whakamahana-mua
Whakatauhia te pāmahana whakamahana-mua
Whakatauhia te pāmahana whakamahana e tika ana kia rite ki te taiao mahi me ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga o te mekameka roera. I te nuinga o te wā, me teitei ake te pāmahana whakamahana i te pāmahana taiao ina mahi noa te mekameka roera, engari kaua e tino tiketike rawa, i waenga i te 30℃-80℃ te nuinga.
Kōwhiria he tikanga whakamahana-mua
Kōwhiria he tikanga whakamahana e tika ana kia rite ki ngā taputapu me ngā āhuatanga o te wāhi. Mena he taputapu whakamahana motuhake kei roto i te taputapu, whakamahia tuatahitia tēnei taputapu; ki te kore, whakaarohia te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakamahana, i te hau wera rānei me ētahi atu tikanga.
Tīmata te whakamahana i mua
E ai ki te tikanga whakamahana kua tīpakohia, tīmata te whakamahana i te mekameka roera. I te wā e whakamahana ana, āta tirohia ngā huringa pāmahana kia tika ai te pikinga o te pāmahana, kia kore ai hoki e wera rawa.
Tirohia te āhua o te hinu whakahinuhinu
I te wā e whakamahana ana, tirohia te āhua o te hinu whakahinuhinu o te mekameka roera kia mōhio ai kei te tohatoha ōrite te hinu whakahinuhinu ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka. Mēnā e tika ana, ka taea te tāpiri i te hinu whakahinuhinu ki te mea e tika ana.
Te whakamahana katoa
Kia tae te mekameka roera ki te pāmahana whakamahana-mua, puritia mō tētahi wā kia uru katoa ai te hinu whakahinuhinu, kia tohatohahia hoki. Kātahi, kati te whakamahana-mua, ka whakarite kia uru ki te āhua mahi noa.
(IV) Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakamahanatanga o mua
Te pāmahana āwhiowhio
He pānga tika tō te pāmahana ā-taiao ki te wera o te mekameka roera. I roto i te taiao pāmahana iti, me roa ake pea te wā wera o te mekameka roera, ā, me whakapiki ake hoki i te pāmahana wera.
Te wā whakamahana
Me whakatau te wā whakamahana i mua i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te roa, te rauemi me ngā āhuatanga mahi o te mekameka roera. I te nuinga o te wā, me noho te wā whakamahana i mua i waenganui i te 15-30 meneti, ā, mā te wā motuhake ka tutuki te mekameka roera i te pāmahana whakamahana e hiahiatia ana.
Te tere whakamahana
Me whakahaere te tere o te whakamahana i roto i te awhe whaitake kia kore ai e tere rawa, e puhoi rawa rānei. Mā te whakamahana tere rawa ka nui ake te ahotea o roto o te mekameka roera, ā, ka pā ki tana mahi; mā te whakamahana puhoi rawa ka whakaiti i te pai o te whakaputanga.

3. Whakaaro whānui mō te horoi me te whakamahana i mua
Ko te horoi me te whakamahana i mua i te mekameka roera he hononga e rua e hono tahi ana, me whai whakaaro whānuitia i roto i te mahi tūturu. Me whakamahana anō te mekameka roera kua horoia i te wā tika kia pai ai te pānga hinu me te mahi oma. I te wā kotahi, i te wā e whakamahana ana, me aro anō hoki ki te pupuri i te mekameka roera kia ma kia kore ai e uru te puehu me ngā poke ki roto i te mekameka.
(I) Te whakaritenga i waenga i te horoi me te whakamahana i mua
Me pai te mahi tahi i waenga i te horoi me te whakamahana. Tērā pea he iti noa te makuku, te hopi rānei e toe ana i runga i te mata o te mekameka roera i muri i te horoinga, nō reira kia tino maroke te mekameka roera i mua i te whakamahana. Ka taea e koe te whakanoho i te mekameka roera kua horoia ki tētahi wāhi hauhautanga hei whakamaroke, ka taea rānei te whakamahi i te hau kōpeke hei pupuhi maroke, kātahi ka whakamahana. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te mimiti o te wai i te wā o te whakamahana kia puta ai te mamaoa wai, ka pā ki te pānga whakamahana, ka puta ai hoki te waikura ki te mata o te mekameka roera.
(II) Te tirotiro i mua i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu
I muri i te horoinga me te whakamahana i te mekameka roera, me tirotirohia whānuitia i mua i te whakahaerenga o te taputapu. Tirohia mēnā he tika te kukū o te mekameka roera, mēnā he noa te hononga o te mekameka me te porotiti, ā, mēnā he rawaka te hinu whakahinuhinu. Mā ēnei tirotiro, ka taea te kimi me te whakatau i ngā raruraru pea i te wā tika kia taea ai e te taputapu te mahi tika me te pumau.

4. Ngā raruraru me ngā otinga noa
(I) Ngā raruraru noa i te wā horoi
Te kōwhiringa hē o ngā hopi horoi
Raru: Mā te whakamahi i ngā hopi horoi tino waikura ka waikura te mata o te mekameka roera, ka tawhitotia ngā hiri rapa, me ētahi atu raruraru.
Otinga: Kōwhiria he kaihoroi mekameka motuhake, he kaihoroi ngawari rānei pērā i te hinuhinu hei karo i te kino o te mekameka roera.
Te horoinga kāore i oti
Raru: I te wā e horoia ana, tērā pea kāore e tino tangohia te paru i roto i te mekameka roera nā te kore mahi tika, te kore rānei i te rawaka o te wā, ka pā ki te pānga hinu me te mahi a te mekameka.
Otinga: I te wā e horoi ana, me ata paraihe ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka roera, inā koa te āputa i waenganui i te pine, te roera me te ringaringa. Ki te tika, wetewetehia te mekameka kia pai ake ai te horoi. I taua wā anō, whakaroahia te wā rumaki kia taea ai e te kaihoroi te mahi katoa.
Te korenga o te whakamaroke
Raru: Ki te kore te mekameka roera e maroke rawa i muri i te horoinga, ka waikura pea te mekameka roera i te toenga o te makuku.
Otinga: Kia tino maroke te mekameka roera i muri i te horoinga. Ka taea te whakanoho i te mekameka roera ki tētahi wāhi e pai ana te hau kia maroke noa ai, ka taea rānei te muru ki te kakahu ma, te pupuhi maroke rānei ki te hau kōpeke.
(II) Ngā raruraru noa i te wā e whakamahana ana
He teitei rawa te pāmahana whakamahana-mua
Raru: Mā te wera rawa o te pāmahana ka huri pea ngā āhuatanga whakarewa o te mekameka roera, pērā i te ngoikore o te pakeke me te ngoikore o te kaha, ā, ka pā ki te roa o te mahi me te pono o te mekameka roera.
Otinga: Whakatauhia te pāmahana whakamahana-mua kia rite tonu ki te pukapuka tohutohu o te mekameka roera, ki ngā whakaritenga hangarau rānei e tika ana, ā, whakamahia ngā taputapu ine pāmahana ngaio hei aroturuki i te pāmahana whakamahana-mua i te wā tonu kia kore ai e neke ake te pāmahana i te awhe e whakaaetia ana.
Te whakamahanatanga kāore i te ōrite
Raru: Tērā pea ka kore e ōrite te wera o te mekameka roera i te wā e whakamahanahia ana, ka hua ake he rerekētanga nui o te pāmahana i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te mekameka, ka puta he ahotea wera i roto i te mekameka i te wā e mahi ana, ā, ka pā ki tana mahi noa.
Otinga: Ngāna kia whakamahanahia ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka roera kia ōrite te wera i te wā e whakamahana ana. Mena he taputapu whakamahana te mea e whakamahia ana, me neke tonu te tūranga whakamahana; ki te whakamahia te wera e puta mai ana i te taputapu hei whakamahana, me tuku te taputapu kia oma i te tere iti me te kore kawenga mō te wā roa kia taea ai te whakawhiti ōrite te wera ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka roera.
Te korenga o te hinu whakahinuhinu i muri i te whakamahanatanga
Raru: Ki te kore e whakahinuhinuhia te whakamahana i mua i te wā, ki te kore rānei te tikanga whakahinuhinu i tika, ka nui ake te pakaru o te mekameka roera ina whakamahia i te pāmahana teitei.
Otinga: Kia oti te whakamahana i mua, me whakahinuhinu tonu te mekameka roera, ā, me whakarite kia taea te pania te hinu whakahinuhinu ki ngā wāhanga waku o te mekameka roera. I te wā o te tukanga whakahinuhinu, e ai ki ngā whakaritenga me ngā tikanga whakahinuhinu, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakahinuhinu maturuturu, te whakahinuhinu paraihe, te whakahinuhinu rumaki rānei hei whakarite i te pānga whakahinuhinu.

5. Whakarāpopototanga
Ko te horoi me te whakamahana i mua i ngā mekameka roera he hononga matua hei whakarite i tō rātou mahi noa me te whakaroa i tō rātou roanga mahi. Mā te tikanga horoi tika, ka taea te tango pai i te paru me ngā poke i runga i te mekameka roera kia mau tonu ai ngā āhuatanga whakahinuhinu pai; ā, mā te whakamahana tika ka taea te whakaiti i te matotoru o te hinu whakahinuhinu, te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mekameka roera, me te whakaiti i te kino o te kakahu me te ngenge. I roto i te mahi tūturu, me whakatakoto he mahere horoi me te whakamahana pūtaiao me te tika kia rite ki te taiao mahi me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te mekameka roera, me te mahi i runga i te tino tika o ngā tikanga whakahaere. I taua wā anō, me aro ki te mahi tahi i waenga i te horoi me te whakamahana, me te mahi tirotiro i mua i te whakahaere taputapu, kia kitea wawetia ai, kia whakatauhia ai hoki ngā raruraru noa me te whakarite kia pai te mahi a te mekameka roera, kia pai ake ai te mahi whānui me te pono o ngā taputapu me te whakarato i ngā taurangi kaha mō te whakaputanga ahumahi.