Te tukanga whakakākahu i te mekameka roera

He wāhanga tuku hiko te mekameka roera e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanga ahumahi. Ko tōna mahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tukanga hanga, ā, ko te tukanga whakapūkara te mea nui ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a te mekameka roera.

Te tukanga whakakākahu mekameka roera: te kī ki te whakapai ake i te mahi
Ko te mekameka roera te kawenga nui o te tuku i roto i ngā taputapu mīhini maha. He uaua, he rerekē hoki te taiao mahi, e anga atu ana ki ngā wero pēnei i te kawenga kaha, te kakahu me te ngenge. Kia taea ai e ngā mekameka roera te urutau pai ake ki ēnei āhuatanga uaua me te whakaroa i tō rātou roanga mahi, kua noho te tukanga whakapūkara hei wāhanga nui o te tukanga hanga mekameka roera.

Ngā mātāpono taketake o te tukanga whakapūkara
Ko te whakakāpuru he tukanga whakamahana e whakamahia ana hei whakapai ake i te pakeketanga, te ātete ki te kakahu me te ātete ki te ngenge o te mata maitai, me te pupuri tonu i te pakari me te kirihou o te matua. Ina koa, ka whakanohoia te mekameka roera ki roto i te reo waro-nui, ā, ka uru ngā ngota waro ki roto i te mata o te mekameka roera i te pāmahana teitei hei hanga i tētahi paparanga waro-nui. I te hekenga o te pāmahana, ka hurihia tēnei paparanga o te austenite waro-nui hei martensite tino mārō, ā, ka whakapakeketia te mata o te mekameka roera.

Ngā tikanga tukanga whakapūkara mekameka roera noa
Te whakakākahu hau: Koinei tētahi o ngā tikanga whakakākahu e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ka whakanohoia te mekameka roera ki roto i tētahi oumu whakakākahu hiri, ā, ka whakauruhia he kaihoko whakakākahu e titoa ana i ngā hau warowaihā pērā i te methane me te ethane. I ngā pāmahana teitei, ka pirau ēnei hau hei whakaputa i ngā ngota waro hohe, ā, ka tutuki te whakakākahu. Ko ngā painga o te whakakākahu hau ko te mahi ngāwari, te tere whakamahana tere, te huringa whakaputa poto, me te kaha ki te whakarite tika i te hohonu me te kukū o te paparanga whakakākahu mā te whakahaere i ngā tawhā pērā i te hanganga hau me te tere rere. He pumau te kounga whakakākahu, he ngāwari ki te whakatutuki i te mahi miihini me te aunoa, ka tino whakapai ake i ngā tikanga mahi.
Te Whakapūkara Wai: Ko te whakapūkara wai ko te tuku i te mekameka roera ki roto i te reo whakapūkara wai. Ko ngā reo e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te silicon carbide, te kaihoko whakapūkara "603", me ētahi atu. I te pāmahana e tika ana, ka rewa ngā ngota waro mai i te reo wai ka uru ki roto i te mata o te mekameka roera. Ko te painga o te whakapūkara wai ko te poto o te huringa whakaputa, ā, ka taea te tinei i muri tonu i te whakapūkara me te kore e manukanuka ki te waikura me te tango i te waro. He ngāwari te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te wā, he ōrite te whakamahana, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te wāhanga mahi. He ngāwari hoki te taputapu. Heoi, he ngoikore ngā āhuatanga mahi, ā, he pai mō te hanga wāhanga kotahi, te hanga puranga iti rānei.
Te whakapūkara totoka: He tikanga whakapūkara tuku iho tēnei. Ka whakanohoia te mekameka roera ki roto i tētahi pouaka whakapūkara kua kati me tētahi kaihoko whakapūkara totoka, kātahi ka whakanohoia te pouaka whakapūkara ki roto i tētahi oumu whakamahana, ka whakamahanatia ki te pāmahana whakapūkara, ka pupuri kia mahana mō tētahi wā, kia uru ai ngā ngota waro hohe ki roto i te mata o te mekameka roera. Ko te kaihoko whakapūkara totoka he mea hanga i te waro me ētahi whakatairanga. Ko ngā painga o tēnei tikanga he ngāwari te whakahaere, he iti ngā whakaritenga hangarau, kāore he hiahia mō ngā taputapu motuhake, he whānui ngā puna kaihoko whakapūkara, ā, ka taea te whakarite e koe anō, me te whānuitanga o ngā tono. Engari he mārama hoki ngā ngoikoretanga. He uaua ki te whakahaere tika i te kounga whakapūkara, he ngoikore ngā āhuatanga mahi, he teitei te kaha, he roa te huringa whakaputa, he teitei te utu, ā, he kino te ia o te tipu o te witi i te wā o te tukanga whakapūkara. Mō ētahi wāhanga mahi nui, kāore e whakamahia te whakamātao tika.

Ngā āhuatanga matua o te tukanga whakakākahu mekameka roera
Te pāmahana me te wā whakapūkara: Ko te pāmahana whakapūkara kei waenganui i te 900℃ me te 950℃. Ka taea e ngā pāmahana teitei ake te whakatere i te tere horapa o ngā ngota waro me te whakapoto i te wā whakapūkara, engari i te wā kotahi ka puta pea te tipu o te witi me te pā ki te mahi a te mekameka roera. Ka whakatauhia te wā whakapūkara i runga i te hohonutanga o te paparanga whakapūkara e hiahiatia ana, mai i te torutoru hāora ki te tekau mā rua hāora. Hei tauira, mō ētahi mekameka roera e hiahia ana ki te paparanga whakapūkara papaku ake, ka roa pea he torutoru hāora, mō ngā mekameka roera e hiahia ana ki te paparanga whakapūkara hohonu ake, ka roa pea he tekau mā rua hāora o te wā whakapūkara. I roto i te hanga tuturu, me whakatau te pāmahana whakapūkara pai rawa atu me ngā tawhā wā mā roto i ngā whakamātautau me ngā wheako i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te rauemi motuhake, te rahi me ngā whakaritenga mahi o te mekameka roera.
Te whakahaere pūmanawa waro: Ko te pūmanawa waro e pā ana ki te kaha o te kaihopu waro ki te whakarato i ngā ngota waro ki te mata o te mea mahi. Ko te whakahaere tika i te pūmanawa waro te mea nui ki te whiwhi i tētahi paparanga waro tino pai. Ki te nui rawa te pūmanawa waro ka puta mai ngā waro whatunga ki te mata o te mekameka roera, ka whakaiti i tōna kaha ngenge; ki te iti rawa te pūmanawa waro ka kore e ranea te hohonutanga o te paparanga waro, ā, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mahi. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā tirotiro hāora me ngā tātari hau infrared hei aroturuki i te āhuarangi i roto i te oumu i te wā tūturu, ā, ka whakatikatikaina te pūmanawa waro i te wā e ai ki ngā hua aroturuki kia mau tonu ai te pikinga pūmanawa waro i roto i te awhe tino pai, kia whiwhi ai i tētahi paparanga waro kounga teitei me te ōrite. Hei tāpiri, mā te āwhina o te hangarau whakaata rorohiko matatau, ka taea te whakatū i tētahi tauira horapa pūmanawa waro hei whakaata i te huringa pikinga pūmanawa waro me te whanaketanga o te paparanga waro i raro i ngā tawhā tukanga rerekē, hei matapae i te pānga waro i mua, hei whakarato i tētahi pūtake pūtaiao mō te arotau tukanga, me te whakapai ake i te tika me te pumau o te tukanga waro.
Te Whakamatao me te Whakaiti: I muri i te whakakāpuru, me tere te whakamatao me te whakaiti i te mekameka roera kia hanga he hanganga martensitic me te whakapai ake i te pakeke o te mata. Ko ngā rauemi whakaiti noa ko te hinu, te wai, te wai whakatio polymer, me ētahi atu. He rerekē ngā tere whakamatao me ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi whakatio, ā, me whiriwhiri tika i runga i ngā whakaritenga rauemi me te mahi o te mekameka roera. Hei tauira, mō ētahi mekameka roera iti, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakatio hinu; mō ngā mekameka roera nui, ngā mekameka roera rānei he nui ake ngā whakaritenga pakeke, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakatio wai, te whakatio polymer rānei. I muri i te whakatio, me whakamahana hoki te mekameka roera kia kore ai e puta te ahotea o roto i te tukanga whakatio me te whakapai ake i tōna pakari. Ko te pāmahana whakamahana i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te 150℃ me te 200℃, ā, ka whakatauhia te wā whakamahana i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te rahi o te mekameka roera me te pāmahana whakamahana, ko te tikanga he 1 ki te 2 hāora.

Te whiriwhiri rauemi o te mekameka roera me te urutau o te tukanga whakapūkara
Ko te rauemi o te mekameka roera he maitai waro iti, he maitai koranu waro iti rānei, pērā i te maitai 20, te 20CrMnTi, me ētahi atu. He pai te kirihou me te pakari o ēnei rauemi, ā, ka taea te hanga i tētahi paparanga waro kounga teitei i te wā e warohia ana. Hei tauira, kei roto i te 20CrMnTi ngā huānga pērā i te chromium, te manganese me te titanium. Ehara i te mea ka taea e ēnei huānga koranu te whakapai ake i te kaha me te pakari o te maitai, engari ka pā hoki ki tōna pānga whakapakeke i te wā e warohia ana. I mua i te warohia, me tukatuka tika te mekameka roera, pērā i te pickling, te onepū rānei, hei tango i ngā waikura mata me te paru kia pai ai te haere o te tukanga warohia.

Ka whakapai ake te tukanga whakakākahu i te mahi a te mekameka roera
Te pakeke me te ātete ki te kakahu: Whai muri i te whakakāpūtanga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pakeke o te mata o te mekameka roera, tae atu ki te HRC58 ki te 64. Mā tēnei ka taea te ātete pai i ngā raruraru pēnei i te kakahu o te mata o te niho, te piri me te pakaru i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua pēnei i te tere tere, te kawenga taumaha me te tīmatanga pinepine, ā, ka roa ake te roa o tōna oranga mahi. Hei tauira, kua tino whakapai ake ngā mekameka roera e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi mīhini keri nui i tō rātou ātete kakahu i muri i te maimoatanga whakakāpūtanga, ā, ka taea te kawe rauemi kia pumau mō te wā roa, ka whakaiti i te maha o ngā kati taputapu me ngā whakatikatika i puta mai i te kakahu o te mekameka.
Te mahi ārai-ngoikore: Ko te ahotea pēhanga toenga i hangaia e te paparanga waro me te hanganga kua whakapaia o te paparanga mata ka āwhina ki te whakapai ake i te mahi ārai-ngoikore o te mekameka roera. I raro i te mahi a ngā kawenga huringa, ka taea e te mekameka roera te tu atu i te kaha ahotea nui ake, ā, kāore e ngāwari ki te pakaru ngoikore, nā reira ka whakarei ake i tōna pono i roto i te mahi roa. He mea nui rawa tēnei mō ētahi taputapu e hiahia ana kia mahi tonu, pērā i te mekameka wā i roto i te miihini motuka, ka taea te whakarite i te mahi haumaru me te pumau o te taputapu me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te rahunga.
Ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha whānui: Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake te tukanga whakakākā i te mahi o te mata o te mekameka roera anake, engari ka pupuri hoki i te pakari o te uho. Mā tēnei, ina pāngia te mekameka roera e ngā kawenga pānga, ka pai ake te mimiti me te hora i te pūngao, ā, ka karo i ngā raruraru rahunga pēnei i te whati nā te kukū o te ahotea ā-rohe. Ka taea e te mekameka roera te whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha whānui pai i roto i ngā taiao mahi uaua, ā, ka tutuki hoki ngā hiahia tuku o ngā taputapu ā-pūkaha rerekē.

Te tirotiro kounga me te whakahaere i ngā mekameka roera warowaihā
Tirotiro hohonu o te paparanga waro: Ko te tātaritanga whakarewa te tikanga e whakamahia ana hei ine i te hohonutanga o te paparanga waro. Whai muri i te tapahi, te whakakanapa me te waikura i te tauira mekameka roera, ka tirohia te hanganga o te paparanga waro i raro i te karu hiko whakarewa, ā, ka inehia tōna hohonutanga. E whakaatu tika ana tēnei tohu mēnā ka tutuki te pānga waro i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa, he mea nui hei whakarite i te mahi a te mekameka roera. Hei tauira, mō ētahi mekameka roera e whakamahia ana mō te tuku mahi taumaha, me tae pea te hohonutanga o te paparanga waro ki te 0.8 ki te 1.2 mm hei whakatutuki i ōna whakaritenga ātete kakahu me te ātete ngenge i raro i ngā kawenga teitei.
Whakamātautau pakeke: Whakamahia he taputapu whakamātautau pakeke hei whakamātautau i te pakeke o te mata me te uho o te mekameka roera. Me tutuki te pakeke o te mata ki te awhe paerewa kua tohua, me te pakeke o te uho hoki i roto i te awhe e tika ana hei whakarite kia pai te mahi a te mekameka roera. Ko te whakamātautau pakeke ka mahia i te auau tauira motuhake, ā, ka tauirahia ia puranga mekameka roera i hangaia hei whakarite i te pumau o te kounga hua.
Tirotiro hanganga whakarewa: Haunga te kimi hohonutanga o te paparanga waro, me tirotiro hoki te hanganga whakarewa o te paparanga waro, tae atu ki te āhua, te tohatoha me te rahi o te kōhao o ngā waro. Mā te hanganga whakarewa pai ka taea te whakarite i te mahi a te mekameka roera i te wā e whakamahia ana. Hei tauira, mā ngā waro pai me te tohatoha ōrite ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te ātete kakahu me te ātete ngenge o te mekameka roera, i te mea ka taea e te rahi nui o te kōhao te whakaiti i tōna pakari. Mā te tirotiro hanganga whakarewa, ka taea te kimi i ngā raruraru i roto i te tukanga waro i te wā tika, ā, ka taea te mahi i ngā mahi e rite ana hei whakatikatika me te whakapai ake i aua raruraru hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua.

Whakamutunga
He hangarau uaua, he hangarau nui hoki te tukanga whakapūkara o ngā mekameka roera, he mea nui ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā mekameka roera. Mai i te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga tukanga ki te whakahaere i ngā huānga matua, ki te urutau i ngā rauemi me te tirotiro kounga, me tino whakahaere ngā hononga katoa kia taea ai e te mekameka roera te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kei te auaha tonu, kei te whakapai ake hoki te tukanga whakapūkara. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te whakaata rorohiko matatau me te hangarau aroturuki ipurangi tūturu ka āwhina ki te arotau ake i ngā tawhā tukanga whakapūkara, te whakapai ake i te mahi me te kounga o ngā mekameka roera, me te whakarato i ngā otinga tuku pono me te whai hua mō te whakaputa ahumahi.