He Tātaritanga Katoa o te Tukanga Hanga Tika o te Mekameka Roera: Te Mea Ngaro ki te Kounga mai i ngā Rauemi Mata ki te Hua Kua Oti
I roto i te umanga tuku hiko ā-ahumahi, ko te pono omekameka roeraKoia te mea e whakatau tika ana i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu o te raina whakaputa. Hei hangarau hanga matua mō ngā wāhanga mekameka roera matua, ko te hanga tika, me tōna painga tata-āhua-kupenga, ka tutuki he taurite tino pai i waenga i te tika o te rahinga o ngā wāhanga, ngā āhuatanga miihini, me te whai huatanga o te whakaputa. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga te tukanga hanga tika katoa o te mekameka roera, e huraina ana ngā mea ngaro kei muri i ngā mekameka roera kounga teitei.
1. Te Tukatuka-Mua: Te Kōwhiringa Rauemi Mata me te Maimoatanga-Mua – Te Whakahaere i te Kounga i te Pūtake
Ko te tūāpapa o te kounga i roto i te hanga tika ka tīmata mā te whiriwhiri rauemi mata me te tukatuka pūtaiao i mua. Me tu atu ngā wāhanga matua o ngā mekameka roera (ngā roera, ngā pū, ngā pereti mekameka, me ētahi atu) ki ngā kawenga tauutuutu, te pānga, me te kakahu. Nō reira, ko te whiriwhiri me te maimoatanga o ngā rauemi mata ka pā tika ki te mahi o te hua whakamutunga.
1. Kōwhiringa Rauemi Mata: Te Kōwhiri i te Rino kia Taurite ki ngā Whakaritenga Mahi
I runga i te whakamahinga o te mekameka roera (pērā i ngā mīhini hanga, ngā tuku waka, me ngā taputapu mīhini tino tika), ko ngā rauemi mata e whakamahia ana ko te maitai hanganga waro kounga teitei, ko te maitai hanganga koranu rānei. Hei tauira, me nui te ātete ki te kakahu me te pakari o ngā roera me ngā pūwero, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā maitai whakakākahu koranu pērā i te 20CrMnTi. Me taurite te kaha me te ātete ki te ngenge o ngā pereti mekameka, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā maitai hanganga waro-waenga pērā i te 40Mn me te 50Mn. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā rauemi, ka whakamatautauria te hanganga matū o te maitai mā te tātaritanga ā-ira hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā ihirangi o ngā huānga pērā i te waro, te konupora, me te konukōmiuma ki ngā paerewa ā-motu pērā i te GB/T 3077, kia kore ai e pakaru te hanga, e ngoikore rānei te mahi i puta mai i ngā rerekētanga hanganga.
2. Tukanga Whakaora i mua: "Te Whakamahana" mō te Hanga
I muri i te taenga ki te wheketere, e toru ngā taahiraa matua o te maimoatanga o ngā rauemi mata:
Te Horoi Mata: Ka tangohia e te pupuhi pupuhi te unahi, te waikura, me te hinu mai i te mata maitai hei ārai i te pēhitanga o ngā poke ki roto i te mea mahi i te wā e hanga ana, ā, ka puta he hapa.
Te Tapahi: Ka whakamahia ngā kani tika, ngā kutikuti CNC rānei hei tapahi i te maitai kia rite te taumaha, me te hapa tika o te tapahi e whakahaeretia ana i roto i te ±0.5% kia rite ai ngā rahi o te wahi mahi i muri i te hanga.
Te Whakamahana: Ka whāngaihia te parai ki roto i te oumu whakamahana aukume auau-waenga. Ka whakahaerehia te tere whakamahana me te pāmahana hanga whakamutunga i runga i te momo maitai (hei tauira, ko te maitai waro ka whakamahanahia ki te 1100-1250°C) kia tutuki ai te āhua hanga pai o te "kirihou pai me te ātete iti ki te hurihanga" me te karo i te wera nui, te wera nui rānei ka whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi.
II. Te Hanga Matua: Te Hanga Tika mō te Āhua Tata-Kupenga
Ko te tukanga hanga matua te mea matua ki te whakatutuki i te hanga "tapahanga iti, tapahi kore rānei" o ngā wāhanga mekameka roera. I runga i te hanganga o te wāhanga, ko te hanga mate me te hanga huri te nuinga e whakamahia ana, mā te whakamahi i ngā pokepokea tika me ngā taputapu atamai hei whakaoti i te tukanga hanga.
1. Te Whakarite i te Pokepokea: Te "Waenga Matua" mō te Tukunga Tika
Ka hangaia ngā pokepokea hanga tika mai i te maitai mate wera H13. Mā te mira CNC, te miihini EDM, me te whakakanapa, ka tutuki i te kōhao pokepokea te tika o te rahinga IT7 me te taratara o te mata o Ra ≤ 1.6μm. Me whakamahana te pokepokea ki te 200-300°C, ā, me rehu ki te hinu whakahinuhinu karāpeti. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te waku me te kakahu i waenga i te mea parakore me te pokepokea, engari ka āwhina hoki i te tere o te tangohanga me te ārai i ngā hapa piri. Mō ngā wāhanga ōrite pērā i ngā roera, me hoahoa hoki te pokepokea ki ngā awaawa whakawhiti me ngā pūhau kia tino whakakīia te kōhao e te konganuku rewa (mea parakore wera) me te tango i te hau me ngā poke.
2. Te Hanga: Te Tukatuka Whakaritea i runga i ngā Āhuatanga o te Wāhanga
Te Hanga Roera: E whakamahia ana he tukanga "hanga-whakamutunga" e rua ngā taahiraa. Ka tuatahitia te whakarewa wera ki roto i te mata i mua i te hanga, ka whakapēhia te rauemi, ka whakakīia te kōhao i mua i te hanga. Kātahi ka tere te whakawhiti i te mata ki te mata hanga whakamutunga. I raro i te pēhanga teitei o te perehi (he perehi hanga wera te tikanga me te kaha o te 1000-3000 kN), ka tino uru te mata ki roto i te kōhao hanga whakamutunga, ka hanga te mata porowhita o te roera, te poka o roto, me ētahi atu hanganga. Me whakahaere te tere me te pēhanga o te hanga puta noa i te tukanga katoa kia kore ai e pakaru te mea mahi nā te nui rawa o te whakarerekētanga.
Te Hanga Ringaringa: Ka whakamahia he tukanga whakakotahi "pokanoa-whanui". Ka pokaia tuatahitia he kōhao matapo ki waenganui o te pereki mā te whakamahi i te poka. Kātahi ka whanuitia te kōhao ki ngā rahinga kua hoahoatia mā te whakamahi i te mate whanui, me te pupuri tonu i te matotoru ōrite o te pakitara ringaringa ki te ≤0.1 mm.
Te Hanga Pereti Mekameka: Nā te hanganga papatahi me te angiangi o ngā pereti mekameka, ka whakamahia he tukanga "hanga mate tonu maha-teihana". Whai muri i te whakamahana, ka haere te mea parakore i roto i ngā teihana hanga-mua, hanga whakamutunga, me te tapahi, ka oti te kōtaha o te pereti mekameka me te tukatuka kōhao i roto i te mahi kotahi, me te tere whakaputa 80-120 nga wahi ia meneti.
3. Tukatuka Whai Muri i te Hanga: Te Whakapūmau i te Mahi me te Āhua
Ka tukuna tonutia te mahi hanga ki te tinei wera toenga, ki te whakataurite rānei i te wera-whakamātautau. Mā te whakahaere i te tere whakamatao (hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te whakamatao rehu wai, i te whakamatao kaukau nitrate rānei), ka whakatikatikaina te hanganga whakarewa o te mahi kia tutuki ai he hanganga sorbite, he pearlite rānei i roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā roera me ngā pū, hei whakapai ake i te pakeke (ko te pakeke roera te tikanga me HRC 58-62) me te kaha ngenge. I te wā kotahi, ka whakamahia he mīhini kutikuti tere-teitei hei tango i te uira me ngā pūwero mai i ngā taha o te hanga, kia tino tutuki ai te āhua o te wāhanga i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa.
3. Te Whakaoti me te Whakapakari: Te Whakapai Ake i te Kounga me ngā Taipitopito
I muri i te hanga matua, kua āhua taketake kē te mea mahi, engari me whakaoti me te whakapakari i ngā tukanga hei whakapai ake i tōna tika me tōna mahi kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga pakari o te tuku mekameka roera tere-tiketike.
1. Whakatikatika Tika: Te Whakatikatika i ngā Hē Iti
Nā te mimiti me te tukunga ahotea i muri i te hanga, tera pea ka kitea he iti noa ngā rerekētanga ā-ahu o ngā wahi mahi. I te wā o te tukanga whakaoti, ka whakamahia he mate whakatikatika tika hei pēhi i te wahi mahi makariri hei whakatika i ngā rerekētanga ā-ahu ki roto i te IT8. Hei tauira, me whakahaere te hapa porowhita o te diameter o waho o te roera i raro i te 0.02mm, ā, kaua te hapa porowhita o roto o te ringaringa e neke ake i te 0.015mm kia pai ai te tuku mekameka i muri i te huihuinga.
2. Te Whakapakari i te Mata: Te Whakapai Ake i te Ātete ki te Paka me te Waikura
I runga i te taiao tono, me whai maimoatanga mata kua whakaritea ngā wāhanga mahi:
Te Whakakākahu me te Whakamate: Ka whakakākahuhia ngā roera me ngā pūkaha ki roto i te oumu whakakākahu i te 900-950°C mō ngā hāora 4-6 kia eke ki te ihirangi waro o te mata o te 0.8%-1.2%. Kātahi ka whakakākahuhia, ka whakamahanahia i ngā pāmahana iti kia hanga he hanganga moroiti piki me te piki e tohuhia ana e te pakeke o te mata me te pakari o te matua. Ka taea e te pakeke o te mata te eke ki runga ake i te HRC60, ā, ko te pakari o te pānga o te matua ≥50J/cm².
Te Whakapūkawa: Ka whakapūkawahia ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā pereti mekameka hei hanga i tētahi kiriata phosphate porous ki runga i te mata, hei whakarei ake i te piri o te hinu me te ātete ki te waikura.
Te Whakawhānui i te Wero: Mā te whakawhānui i te mata o te pereti mekameka ka puta he ahotea pēhi toenga mā te pānga o te wero maitai tere-teitei, ka whakaiti i te tīmatanga o te pakaru ngenge me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora ngenge o te mekameka.
IV. Tirotiro Tukanga Katoa: He Parenga Kounga hei Whakakore i ngā Hapa
Ka tirotirohia marietia ia tukanga hanga tino tika, ka hangaia he pūnaha whakahaere kounga whānui mai i ngā rauemi mata ki te hua kua oti, kia 100% te kounga o ngā wāhanga mekameka roera katoa e wehe atu ana i te wheketere.
1. Tirotiro Tukanga: Aroturukitanga Wā-tūturu o ngā Tawhā Matua
Tirotiro Whakamahana: Ka whakamahia ngā inemahana whero-whero hei aroturuki i te pāmahana whakamahana o te pire i te wā tonu, me te hapa e whakahaeretia ana i roto i te ±10°C.
Tirotiro i te Pokepokea: Ka tirotirohia te kōhao pokepokea mō te pakaru i ia 500 wāhanga e hangaia ana. Ka mahia tonutia ngā whakatikatika whakakanapa mēnā he nui ake te taratara o te mata i te Ra3.2μm.
Tirotiro Ahu: Ka whakamahia he mīhini ine taunga-toru-ahu hei tauira me te tirotiro i ngā wāhanga hanga, me te arotahi ki ngā ahu matua pēnei i te diameter o waho, te diameter o roto, me te matotoru o te pakitara. Kāore e iti iho i te 5% te tere tauira.
2. Tirotiro Hua Kua Oti: Manatoko Whānui i ngā Tohu Mahi
Whakamātautau Mahi Mīhini: Tātarihia matapōkeretia ngā hua kua oti hei whakamātautau mārō (whakamātautau mārō Rockwell), whakamātautau pakari pānga (whakamātautau pānga pendulum), me te whakamātautau kaha kume hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā paerewa hua.
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro: Ka whakamahia te whakamātautau ultrasonic hei kite i ngā hapa o roto pērā i ngā pūwero me ngā kapiti, ko te whakamātautau matūriki aukume ia ka whakamahia hei kite i ngā hapa o te mata me raro i te mata.
Whakamātautau Huinga: Ka huihuia ngā wāhanga kua tohua ki roto i tētahi mekameka roera, ā, ka whakamātauria te mahi hihiri, tae atu ki te tika o te tuku, te taumata haruru, me te roa o te ora o te ngenge. Hei tauira, ka kiia he wāhanga kua tohua mēnā kua oma tonu i te 1500 rpm mō ngā hāora 1000, kāore he raruraru.
V. Ngā Painga o te Tukanga me te Uara o te Whakamahinga: He aha te Precision Forging te Kōwhiringa Tuatahi a te Ahumahi?
Ki te whakatauritea ki te tukanga tuku iho "hanga me te tapahi whānui", e toru ngā painga matua o te hanga mekameka roera mā te hanga mekameka tika:
Te whakamahinga rauemi nui: Kua piki ake te whakamahinga rauemi mai i te 60%-70% i roto i ngā tukanga tuku iho ki te neke atu i te 90%, ā, kua tino whakaitihia te para o ngā rauemi mata;
Teitei o te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga: Mā te whakamahi i te hanga tonu maha-teihana me ngā taputapu aunoa, e 3-5 ngā wā teitei ake te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga i ngā tukanga tuku iho;
He tino pai te mahi a te hua: Ka tohatohahia e te hanga te hanganga muka o te konganuku i te taha o te hanganga o te mea mahi, ka hangaia he hanganga maeneene, ka hua ake he 20%-30% te roa o te ora ngenge ki te whakataurite ki ngā wāhanga mīhini.
Nā ēnei painga kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mekameka roera hanga-tika i roto i ngā mahi hanga taputapu teitei, pērā i ngā taraiwa ara mō ngā mīhini hanga, ngā pūnaha wā mō ngā miihini motuka, me ngā taraiwa porowhita mō ngā taputapu mīhini tika. Kua noho ēnei hei wāhanga matua o te mana e whakarite ana i te mahi pumau o ngā taputapu ahumahi.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tukanga hanga tika mō ngā mekameka roera te mutunga o tētahi huarahi whānui e whakakotahi ana i te pūtaiao rauemi, te hangarau pokepoke, te whakahaere aunoa, me te tirotiro kounga. Mai i ngā paerewa pakari i roto i te kōwhiringa rauemi mata, ki te whakahaere tika taumata-mirimita i roto i te hanga matua, ki te manatoko whānui i roto i te whakamātautau hua kua oti, ko ia tukanga e whakaatu ana i te auahatanga me te kaha hangarau o te hanga ahumahi.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-24-2025